what are rare earth metals

Rare-earth metals, also referred to as rare-earth elements (REEs), are a group of seventeen naturally occurring chemical elements. Most are found on the …

For every ton of rare earth produced, the mining process yields 13kg of dust, 9,600-12,000 cubic meters of waste gas, 75 cubic meters of wastewater, and one ton of radioactive residue. This stems from the fact that rare earth element ores have metals that, when mixed with leaching pond chemicals, contaminate air, water, and soil.

Terbium (Tb), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table. Terbium is a moderately hard, silvery white metal that is stable in air when in pure form. The metal is relatively stable in air even at high temperatures, because of formation of a tight, dark oxide. Scandium (Sc), chemical element, a rare-earth ...

China controls 95% of the production and supply of rare earth metals, integral to manufacturing magnets for electric vehicles (EVs) and wind farms, and this monopoly has allowed China to dictate ...

The rare earth elements (REEs), also called rare earth metals or just rare earths (REs), have been the most prominent and discussed raw materials since about 2009. In that year, China announced a reduction in REE export quotas of nearly 50% to 30,000 tons (t) 1 rare earth oxides (REOs) (the usual measure for traded RE materials) ( Zepf, …

Rare earth elements (REE) include the lanthanide series elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) plus Sc and Y. Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbines.

Rare earths' journey from mine to magnet. Here are the steps that get rare earth elements out of the ground and into our hi-tech products. While the United States mines and concentrates rare ...

The rare earth elements are a group of transition metals, found mainly in the first row below the periodic table (the lanthanide series), plus scandium and yttrium. Despite the name, these elements are fairly …

The rare earths are 17 metallic elements, located in the middle of the periodic table (atomic numbers 21, 39, and 57–71). These metals have unusual fluorescent, conductive, and magnetic properties—which make them very useful when alloyed, or mixed, in small quantities with more common metals such as iron. Geologically speaking, the rare ...

Obtaining rare earth elements begins with obtaining source materials, which can happen, broadly, in three ways: primary extraction, or mining directly from the earth; recovery from secondary ...

Rare-earth elements (hereinafter referred to as REE) are a group of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, in particular the fifteen lanthanides as well as …

The industry group has also mooted making rare earth minerals a part of the 'Make In India' campaign, citing China's 'Made in China 2025' initiative that focuses on new materials, including permanent magnets that are made using rare earth minerals. What are Rare Earth Metals? They are a set of seventeen metallic elements.

For Prelims: Rare Earth Metals and its significance. For Mains: Rare Earth Metals, Need to develop capabilities to increase its production in India and steps need to be taken. Why in News. Recently, the US has proposed a law aiming to end China's alleged "chokehold" on rare-earth metal supplies.

Here's why. Rare earth elements have a number of useful properties that make them highly sought after by the tech and energy industries. This collection of 17 metals includes the 15 metallic ...

The Seven Rarest Metals. In terms of abundance in the Earth's crust, the rarest metals are: gold, platinum, osmium, iridium, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, tellurium and rhenium. These metals are different from Rare Earth Elements, which aren't actually rare in terms of abundance, but are rarely found in concentrated ore deposits.

Rare earths – which include exotic-sounding elements like dysprosium, cerium, and ytterbium – are actually more abundant than other familiar metals, but tend to become concentrated in less ...

Rare earth elements are a group of metals that are critical ingredients for a greener economy, and the location of the reserves for mining are increasingly important and valuable. This infographic features data from the United States Geological Society (USGS) which reveals the countries with the largest known reserves of rare earth elements (REEs).

Rare earth elements are chemically similar and are sometimes used in similar ways "Rare earths" are a group of 17 chemically similar elements crucial to the manufacture of many hi-tech products.

Electrical properties. The electrical resistivities of the rare-earth metals vary from 25 to 131 microohms-cm (μΩ- cm), which fall into the middle of the electrical resistance values of the metallic elements. Most trivalent rare …

Rare earths are a group of 15 elements in the periodic table known as the Lanthanide series. Rare earths are categorised into Light Rare Earths (lanthanum to samarium) and Heavy Rare Earths (europium to lutetium). They are key enablers for technologies looking to lower emissions, reduce energy consumption, as well as improve efficiency ...

Caption: Pictured are rare earth oxides of neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium – all critical components for magnets – that have been processed with sulfidation technology. The violet regions are neodymium-rich sulfide, the green regions are praseodymium oxysulfide, and the orange regions are dysprosium rich sulfides and …

Most REEs are not as rare as the group's name suggests. They were named "rare-earth elements" because most were identified during the 18th and 19th centuries as "earths" (originally defined as materials that could not be changed further by heat) and in comparison to other "earths," such as lime or magnesia, they were relatively rare.

Rare earth elements (REE) are a set of seventeen metallic elements that are essential for many high-tech devices, such as smartphones, …

Learn about the 15 lanthanide series elements, plus yttrium, that are the rare earth metals. Find out how they are used in various products such as batteries, magnets, …

Rare earth metals industry sees a lot of volatility since commodity prices are subject to move rapidly on the back of supply and demand fluctuations and geopolitical dynamics. Part of the reason ...

Rare earths are often blended with other metals in touch screens and similar products, making removal difficult. In some ways, recycling rare earths from tossed-out items resembles the challenge ...

The rare earths are the lanthanides — lutetium and all 14 elements between lanthanum and ytterbium across one row of the periodic table — plus scandium and yttrium, which tend to occur in the...

What are Rare Earths? Rare earth elements are chemical elements including yttrium and the 15 lanthanide elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium). The rare earth elements are all metals, and have many similar ...

Notably, approximately 40% of mined rare earth production is reduced to metals and alloys, including most of neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), and dysprosium (Dy), for applications such as neodymium metal for Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, samarium metal for Sm-Co permanent magnets, lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), and …

In this time of increased focus on renewable energy technologies, rare earth elements (REEs) are of critical importance. For example, neodymium (Nd) is a REE used in the generator and motor magnets of wind turbines and electric vehicles. Reliance on REE imports puts the U.S. at high risk for supply disruption.

The estimated average concentration of the rare earth elements in the Earth's crust, which ranges from around 150 to 220 parts per million (table 1), exceeds that of many other metals that are mined on an industrial scale, such as copper (55 parts per million) and zinc (70 parts per million).

Fund Description. VanEck Rare Earth/Strategic Metals ETF (REMX ®) seeks to replicate as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance of the MVIS ® Global Rare Earth/Strategic Metals Index (MVREMXTR), which is intended to track the overall performance of companies involved in producing, …

The move to protect its rare earth technology comes as Europe and the United States scramble to wean themselves off rare earths from China, which accounts for nearly 90% of global refined output.

In order of increasing atomic mass, the 17 rare earth metals and some of their common applications are given below. Scandium: Atomic weight 21. Used to strengthen aluminum alloys. Yttrium: Atomic weight …

Sloustcher said the heavy rare earths will be refined in a different building, adding that the project is just getting started. To fully domesticate the magnet supply chain, MP Materials also began construction on the United States' first rare earth magnetics factory in April 2022. Located in Fort Worth, Texas, the facility will be able to ...

rare earth metal, Any of a large class of chemical elements including scandium (atomic number 21), yttrium (39), and the 15 elements from 57 (lanthanum) to 71 (see lanthanides).

Employees load a truck with bags of rare earth concentrates at the Mountain ... Sweden, on January 12, 2023. - LKAB announced that Europes largest deposit of rare earth metals is located in the ...

Rare earth metals are produced industrially by metallothermic reduction and by molten salt electrolysis processes. Molten salt electrolysis is a process using electricity as the reducing vector to convert rare earth salts or oxides to metals in a molten salt medium. The molten salt medium is selected to allow for the solubilization of the rare ...