process iron sintering

This paper specifies the mathematical and physical modelling of the iron sintering process in laboratory conditions. The aim is to get the simplest approach (using thermodynamic software "HSC Chemistry", version 9, Outokumpu Research Oy, Pori, Finland) that allows one to predict the output parameters based on the initial composition …

The sintering process of iron ores accounts for more than 40 and 70 pct of the total emission of NO and SO2 from the steel industry. The current study aims to clarify the effects of the hearth ...

During the iron ore sintering process, there is a universally known feature of uneven heat distribution in the sintering bed [26], [27]. The sintered material is mixed, granulated, and then filled into the sinter machine with a uniform fuel distribution in conventional sintering processes. After ignition, the flame front forms in the upper ...

The iron ore sintering process includes proportioning, mixing and granulating, feeding, igniting, sintering with ventilation, crushing, cooling and screening phases (Du et al., 2020, Hu et al., 2018). The operators are most concerned with the combustion process on the sinter strand, as shown in Fig. 1.

The iron ore sintering process commonly employs anthracite and coke as fuels, and the volatile matter is commonly<10%. Initially, we considered that the volatile matter of the fuel was closely related to the emissions of VOCs and investigated the effect of coal type on VOC emissions by sintering cup experiments [17].

The sintering process can be defined as a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke) with the objective of obtaining a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical) to be fed to the …

charcoal in iron ore sintering process. The applied biom ass is prepared by the pyrolysis of woody pellets in muffle furnace under inert atmosphere at t he same temperature as coke breeze is produced.

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The sinter plant that converts the iron ore fines into a desirable blast furnace feed, offers an avenue for recycling wastes. One of the several wastes that are produced at an iron and steel plant is the undersized pellet fines, which cannot be directly used in iron making. The present study evaluated the influence of these pellet fines on the sintering …

In the sintering process particles can be combined to form larger solid materials with desired shapes. Sintering process allows for better control over material formation and enhanced mechanical ...

In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and dolomite) along …

During the iron ore sintering process, the resistance in the high-temperature zone is the most critical factor affecting the resistance of the sintering bed, as a lot of molten liquid phases are generated in the high-temperature zone. At higher Brown gas injection concentrations, the high-temperature zone is enlarged, the DTMT is extended, …

An iron ore sintering process takes more than two hours. A set of raw-material parameters is selected before the process begins. The operating parameters, on the other hand, are collected during the process at different places along the sintering machine and at different times. A method called time series registration was used in this …

Abstract. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there have been considerable changes in iron ore resources available throughout the world, especially in steel mills in East Asia.

Mathematical modelling of iron ore sintering process using genetic algorithm B. K. Giri and G. G. Roy* A mathematical model of the iron ore sintering process in a fixed sinter bed and optimisation of the process parameters using real valued genetic algorithm is described. The mathematical model is formulated based on mass and energy balances …

Abstract. In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and dolomite) along with the sinter in blast furnace burden. In this way, the productivity of the furnace considerably improves. In this paper, some fundamental aspects such as the ...

The sintering process parameters and sinter qualities obtained through conventional and pre-processed iron ore with calcined lime routes are presented in graphical form in Fig. 6. The pot sinter results exhibit clear and distinct differences in the results of dense and porous iron ore usage in sintering through either of the …

Proportioning is an important part of sintering, as it affects the cost of sintering and the quality of sintered ore. To address the problems posed by the complex raw material information and numerous constraints in the sintering process, a multi-objective optimisation model for sintering proportioning was established, which takes …

Optimization of iron ore sintering process is to maximize the productivity and the sinter ore quality while minimizing the energy consumption. However, these economic and technical criteria are sometimes contradictory and the improvement of one criterion generally leads to the deterioration of other criteria. This paper aims to seek the …

Process flow chart of co-treatment of MSWI fly ash in iron ore sintering process. 4. Conclusions. MSWI-FA contained a large number of PCDD/Fs and alkali heavy metals, which seriously endangered the environment and human health. This paper studied the co-treatment of MSWI-FA by iron ore sintering, and revealed the emission law of …

As a key thermal-state indicator of the iron ore sintering process, the content of ferrous oxide (FeO) in the finished sinter is directly related to product quality. Based on the massive data of sintering process, the data-driven soft sensor model provides a good choice for real-time FeO content detection. However, the complex …

During sintering process, iron ore fines, recycled iron-bearing materials (dusts and slags), fluxes (dolomite, limestone, etc.), and fossil fuels, such as coke breeze and anthracite, are thoroughly mixed and agglomerated into lump-like sinter under about 1300 °C provided by the combustion of fossil fuels [10].

Ironmaking & Steelmaking. Flue gas recirculation (FGR) has been incorporated into the sintering process with the aim of improving productivity while fulfilling tightened environmental regulations. The incorporation of FGR inevitably requires changes in the process equipment as well as incoming and outgoing gas conditions such as …

A mathematical model of the iron ore sintering process in a fixed sinter bed and optimisation of the process parameters using real valued genetic algorithm is described. The mathematical model is formulated based on mass and energy balances in gas and solid phases, which are represented by simple partial differential equations. ...

Iron Ore Sintering: Process. Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag …

The iron ore sintering process is the main source of VOCs emission in the iron and steel industry, and its VOCs emission accounts for about 69.6% . The organic compounds in the solid fuel and the oil components from the raw materials such as rolling oily sludge are pyrolyzed in the preheating layer (150–900 °C) to produce VOCs [ 9, 10 ].

sintering, the welding together of small particles of metal by applying heat below the melting point. The process may be used in steel manufacturing—to form complex shapes, to produce alloys, or to work in metals with very high melting points. In a steel-sintering plant a bed of powdered iron ore, mixed with coke or anthracite, is ignited by ...

Iron ore sintering involves the movement of a flame front down a particulate bed, and a series of physico-chemical reactions over a large temperature range. In the literature simple and more ...

Iron ore sintering involves various physical and chemical phenomena such as heat and mass transfer, combustion, melting, solidification, evaporation and condensation. Traditionally, coke breeze is the main heat supplier for the iron ore sintering process. The detailed process is described in the published paper (Zhao et al., 2015).

diagram of double-layer pre-sintering new process is shown on Fig. 1. The 10 to 20 min sintering in the first layer is named as pre-sintering that is very important to the whole process. Through the pre-sintering process, the NO x and CO x emission in sintering can be largely reduced. This came from both the laboratory sinter pot test

During the iron ore sintering process, there is a universally known feature of uneven heat distribution in the sintering bed [26], [27]. The sintered material is mixed, granulated, and then filled into the sinter machine with a uniform fuel distribution in conventional sintering processes. After ignition, the flame front forms in the upper ...

Iron ore sintering is a material preparation process employed worldwide in the production of iron and steel. According to statistical data on pollution, sintering plants rank second in terms of toxic emissions, after the incineration of municipal solid waste (Menad et al., 2006; Remus et al., 2013 ). Of the eight CORINAIR (Core Inventory of Air ...

Sintering is a process that consists in the thermal agglomeration of a mixture of fines that comprise iron ore, recycled iron and steelmaking products, slag …

Similarly, in iron ore sintering process the heat utilization efficiency will reach to the maximum when the HTFS is equal to FFS. Here we employed the η, introduced in Section 2, to characterize the heat utilization efficiency (matching performance of HTFS and FFS ) in iron ore sintering process.

ABSTRACT Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical) to be fed to the …

The iron ore sintering, as an essential raw material treatment process of blast furnace, mainly uses coke or anthracite as a heat source and emit a large amount of greenhouse gas (Annual Conference on Sintering & Pelletizing Technology, 2022), which is not consistent with the current environmental protection requirements.

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke breeze, limestone, mill scale, and flue dust, into an agglomerated product, sinter, of suitable size for …

Iron ore sintering entails high energy consumption and also produces significant pollution, responsible for the highest share of CO 2 emission, as well as SO 2 and NOx emissions, in the iron and steel production processes. 5 The SO 2 and NO X emissions from this process account for ∼70% and ∼40% of the total iron and steel …

Transient liquid phase sintering. In a compact that contains only iron powder particles, the solid state sintering process would generate some shrinkage of the compact as the sintering necks grow. However, a common practice with ferrous PM materials is to make an addition of fine copper powder to create a transient liquid phase during sintering.

Low-temperature (< 1300 °C) iron ore sinter is an agglomerate of unmelted and partially melted nuclei particles (+ 1 mm) and a matrix bonding phase produced from the melting …