basalt layer seismic processing

Fig. 4 c shows the inversion results if the MT data and seismic a priori information are considered in the inversion process. The basalt layer is now visible, however its thickness and the depth to the basement are still not recovered in detail. ... For the real seismic data the processing included: source estimation and deconvolution; …

Seismic imaging in the Faeroe-Shetland basin faces the common sub-basalt imaging difficulties. Strong reflectivity caused by the significant velocity contrast between the top basalt and the young ...

Imaging below the basalt for hydrocarbon exploration is a global problem because of poor penetration and significant loss of seismic energy due to scattering, …

Advanced processing of long-offset seismic data for sub-basalt imaging in the Faeroe-Shetland Basin. Penny Barton. 2005, 2005 SEG Annual Meeting. A specialized strategy …

Near-Surface Basalt Models The noise generated in near-surface basalt depends on the attenuation properties of the basalt. Figure 2 shows the synthetic obtained when a near-surface high-velocity basalt layer (VP = 3750 m/s, VS = 2170 m/s, ρ = 2.5 g/cc, thickness = 50 m, depth = 4 m) is added to the reference model.

Sub-basalt imaging continues to provide a challenge within the West of Shetland region. Successful imaging is being achieved through the reprocessing of 2D reflection …

below basalt layers still remains a challenge for seismic exploration. Our aim is to improve the identification of the stacking velocity of the weak subbasalt signals at an early stage of the ...

Basalt accumulation in the MTZ can result from compositional segregation of basaltic crust from harzburgitic mantle lithosphere either along low-viscosity layers that allow delamination in subducting plates or, more likely, in hot, low-viscosity regions in the deep mantle and subsequent entrainment in upwellings (18, 20, 25, 66–68).

MF processing has been successfully applied on a 2D onshore seismic dataset across the Cañadon Asfalto Basin, where shallow basalt flows attentuate the seismic signal in the conventional CMP stack.

A model with a uniform basalt layer 40 m thick and a line of receivers at 180 m depth. The top of the basalt layer is at 40 m depth. ... Conventional seismic acquisition and processing of a 2D ...

High-quality seismic profiles across the Faroes volcanic continental margin and the adjacent continental shelf show contrasting styles of basalt emplacement across two …

Maximum offset=10 km. Green dashed lines indicate top and base of basalt layer. Fig. 5. Example stack image after several key pre-migration processing stages: (a) after SRME multiple attenuation; ... Example processing flow used to reprocess 2D seismic data in the West of Shetland region. The flow chart indicates the position of the noise ...

technical article first break volume 20.10 October 2002 Faeroe sub-basalt seismic imaging: a new iterative time processing approach L. Barzaghi, D., Calcagni, M. Passolunghi and S. Sandroni Introduction Converted wave terminology The main problem for seismic imaging in the Faeroe Basin is the presence of a widespread basalt body of variable ...

Data acquisition and processing Stacked basalt flows typically exhibit a low-pass character to seismic waves ... Velocities in the basalt layer are consistent with those seen in the Lopra borehole (Christie et al., 2005). ... and White, R. S. 2001. Seismic structure of basalt flows from surface seismic data, borehole measurements, and synthetic ...

Imaging below the basalt for hydrocarbon exploration is a global problem because of poor penetration of seismic energy. There is significant loss of energy due to scattering, attenuation, absorption and mode-conversions when the seismic waves encounter a highly heterogeneous and rugose basalt layer.

Sub-basalt imaging continues to provide a challenge along the northwest European Atlantic Margin. Successful imaging is being achieved on 2D seismic, acquired with conventional source array and ...

We vary basalt layer thickness and source frequency to generate a synthetic model that produces seismic that is similar to real sub-basalt seismic, i.e. high amplitude top basalt reflector and the absence of base basalt and sub-basalt events. ... In this situation, standard seismic processing is often unable to resolve the structure beneath ...

Down to top basalt the models are fairly consistent while there are deviations of up to 1 km s-1 in basalt velocities and sub-basalt sediment velocities, 2 km in basalt thickness, 3.2 km in depth ...

The presence of highly heterogeneous basalt layers has a detrimental effect on seismic imaging of underlying structures. Due to the prevalence of basalt, the …

Imaging below the basalt for hydrocarbon exploration is a global problem because of poor penetration of seismic energy. There is significant loss of energy due to scattering, attenuation, absorption and mode-conversions when the seismic waves encounter a highly heterogeneous and rugose basalt layer.

Introduction: When a P-wave is incident upon the top of a high-velocity basalt layer, little P-wave energy is transmitted into the basalt layer. However, beyond a certain critical angle, an efficient conversion can occur from the incident P-wave to an S-wave travelling inside the basalt layer, with a strong reconversion to the P-wave at the bottom of the basalt layer. …

ABSTRACT. High-quality seismic profiles across the Faroes volcanic continental margin and the adjacent continental shelf show contrasting styles of basalt emplacement across two major structural boundaries. At the rifted continental margin, the basalts form promi-nent seaward dipping reflector sequences up to 5 km thick.

base of basalt layer. SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR SUB-BASALT IMAGING 165 ... Example processing flow used to reprocess 2D seismic data in the West of Shetland region. The flow chart

The conventional (short offset) seismic data acquisition, processing and modeling techniques adopted by the oil industry generally fails to image hydrocarbon-bearing sub-trappean Mesozoic sediments hidden below …

Conventional seismic acquisition and processing of a 2D seismic line provide poor results. However, upgoing reflections from layers below the basalt are clearly evident in the VSP survey and prestack depth migration is able to improve the continuity of the reflectors beneath the basalt.

Basalt is a type of volcanic rock that is formed from the solidification of molten lava. It is an igneous rock, meaning it is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Basalt is one of the most common rock types on Earth, and it can be found in various locations around the world, both on land and under the ocean floor.

processing software while learning seismic data processing procedures and exercises. An advanced learner should try to write computer code for important processing steps to allow an in-depth comprehension of the practical issues and limitations. 1.1 Seismic data and their acquisition, processing, and interpretation

The seismic data on the left have been acquired beneath a thick, near-surface basalt layer. The high-velocity layer attenuates the seismic energy as it propagates down to the target coal layers, and again on its return to the seismic receivers. ... The successful integration of 3D seismic into the mining process: Practical examples from Bowen ...

In this situation, standard seismic processing is often unable to resolve the structure beneath such basalt layers. For this reason, alternative techniques are sought …

The layer-cake geometry of flood basalt constructions ... The time-depth conversion process is a significant task in seismic interpretation to establish the link between geophysical information in ...

In this paper we summarize the acquisition and processing o f the multi-component seismic swath, and present observations on the integration of P- and S- waveform sonic logs with information from resistivity-based image logs to determine regional and local stress tensors and to improve identification of subsurface basalt lithofacies. 2. Seismic ...

To overcome this difficulty of sub-basalt imaging, we have generated dense synthetic seismic data with the help of elastic finite-difference full-wave modeling using staggered-grid scheme for the ...

FIGURE 11-1. The relationships among sound source coordinate s, geophone sound receiver coordinate g, offset coordinate f = g - s, and midpoint coordinate y = (g + s)/2. Theoreticians generally use s and g as coordinates of the wave-pressure field, but interpreters generally use f and y.

New seismic reflection data have been used to image intra- and sub-basalt features beneath the Faroe–Shetland Basin in the North Atlantic, where the highly reflective top and base boundaries of flood basalts and their complex internal structure make successful seismic imaging difficult. This study demonstrates that appropriate …

Basalts usually have very high seismic velocities compared to surrounding rocks and high density in comparison to most sediments. As a consequence, wave propagation through basalt layers is very complex and conventional reflection seismic surveying is less …

base of basalt layer. SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR SUB-BASALT IMAGING 165. ... Recent advances in processing seismic data [e.g., Gallagher and Dromgoole, 2007;Soubaras and Dowle, 2010; ...