thorium concentration cumulative

Uranium and thorium are two common natural radioactive elements with high concentrations in Earth's crust. The main aim of this study is to estimate the …

The relative abundances of 10 identified thorium species depended on the thorium:EDTA concentration ratio. At low thorium concentrations, the thorium-EDTA complex was considered to interact with sand surfaces, and transport depended on groundwater flow rate. But at higher thorium concentrations, plume flow was higher than expected.

The effect of initial thorium concentration and temperature on the adsorption of thorium is shown in Fig. 3 c-3d. The adsorption of thorium by ASG-AP and ASG-NP both increased smoothly with the increasing initial concentration of Th(IV) and the maximum adsorption could reach 103.8 mg g −1 and 39.84 mg g −1, respectively. The increase in ...

DOI: 10.1016/J.JFCA.2017.09.005 Corpus ID: 103051753; Uranium, polonium and thorium in infant formulas (powder milk) and assessment of a cumulative ingestion dose @article{Trdin2017UraniumPA, title={Uranium, polonium and thorium in infant formulas (powder milk) and assessment of a cumulative ingestion dose}, author={Miha Trdin and …

cumulative total of 400,000 kilograms of natural thorium/uranium contained as contaminants (in concentrations ranging from 0.05 percent to 1.0 percent by weight) in various rare earth compounds and mixtures." The cumulative total of 400,000 kg was in place well before the 2017 direct transfer of control.

Similarly, it is assumed that increasing cumulative metal cation concentration causes a change in hydration equilibrium for Ce(III) and La(III) and extraction efficiencies to increase as a result of destabilization. ... As seen in Fig. 10, the thorium concentration in the organic phase increases with and reaches a nearly …

This paper provides an economic assessment of thorium availability by creating cumulative-availability and potential mining-industry cost curves, based on …

The transients in thorium concentration are fitted by a biexponential with fast and slow exponential decays (Fig. S4) with time constants that ranged from 0.38–1.6 days and 1.8–8.2 days, ...

The concentrations of natural alpha-emitting isotopes of thorium (228Th, 230Th and 232Th) have been determined in 22 sets of human tissue samples obtained at autopsy from Grand Junction, CO and in 10 sets from Washington, DC. Tissues included lung, pulmonary lymph nodes, liver, kidney, bone, a few gonads, spleen and thyroid.

A review of the world data on the concentrations of thorium activity concentrations in soils, the atmosphere, surface waters, and bottom sediments is presented. It is shown that in the areas with normal radiation background the 232Th concentrations vary from 5 to 95 Bq/kg in the soil, from 1.0 × 10–5 to 1.0 × 10–2 Bq/L in …

The dispersion of the thorium concentration is distinctly greater than that of uranium; ionic radii differences may be the cause. ... Uranium and thorium distributions in accessory zircon from granitic rocks 713 Cumulative frequency Fig. 2. Test for lognormality on probability paper. Lognormality is approximated over a considerable percentile ...

Concentrations of thorium in air, food, and/or drinking water are normally very low and thorium-containing substances are not generally readily absorbed by the body. Wet …

The thorium fuel cycle is often perceived to have limited experience, thereby imposing a barrier to its implementation. Thorium fuel cycles do not have the degree of commercial-scale experience associated with the uranium fuel cycle (especially the use of uranium oxide in a once-through configuration in light- or heavy-water reactors); however …

The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in samples were found to vary from of 16 ± 0.6 to 62 ± 3.2 Bq kg−1 with an average 30 ± 1.1 Bq kg−1, 24 ± 0.9 to 63 ± 1.3 Bq kg−1 with ...

This paper provides an economic assessment of thorium availability by creating cumulative-availability and potential mining-industry cost curves, based on known thorium resources. ... "Optimal Monazite Concentration Processes for the Extraction of Uranium and Thorium Fuel Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-10, September.

The highest activity concentration found in the food samples was due to 40 K being present in all types of food. Among the other radionuclides, high activity concentrations were found for 210 Pb in beans and salt, 210 Po in fish, 226 Ra and 228 Ra in nuts and seeds. The main food groups that contributed most to the effective dose, in …

FIG. 3 shows the variation of elemental thorium concentration of an aqueous nitric solution that has been used for washing a floc obtained by the process of the invention ... the inventors having indeed found that cumulative coprecipitation results in an increase in the rate of coprecipitation yield and consequently makes it possible to reduce ...

China's Chang'E‐5 mission has collected lunar samples from a young mare plain with elevated thorium contents in the northeastern Oceanus Procellarum of the Moon. In this study, we first established a … Expand

Recent publications are consistent and draw attention to the need to reconsider thorium as a nuclear material with a clear perspective [1,2,3,4,5] but also as an environmental polluter [6,7,8].On the other hand, new materials usable in various analytical or technological separative techniques are also studied …

The point cumulative semi-variogram (PCSV) method application helps to identify the range, distribution and transport of radionuclide at each sampling station. ... In some areas, thorium has high concentrations of black sand layers on gold bed reefs (Buccianti et al. 2009; World Nuclear Association 2013). Thorium is an element with low ...

Thorium is primarily concentrated in highly evolved geologic systems, owing to its high charge/radius ratio, which inhibits incorporation into common rock-forming minerals. A consequence is the...

Overview This page contains the latest trade data of Uranium and thorium.In N/A, Uranium and thorium were the France's N/A most traded product, with a total trade of N/A. Between 2021 and 2022 the exports of Uranium and thorium grew by 432%, from €20 to N/A. Trade in Uranium and thorium represent N/A of total France trade.. Exports In N/A the export …

Thorium is a naturally occurring, slightly radioactive element. It is widely distributed in nature with an average concentration of 10.5 ppm Th in the upper earth's crust. In general, thorium occurs in relatively small number in Th-enriched minerals: thorite, thorianite, monazite, bastnaesite, and thorogummite. However, the main world resources …

In China, the atmospheric concentrations of uranium and thorium of an associated radioactive area and their PM sizes are rarely investigated. Thus, this study aims to estimate the effective dose of uranium and thorium inhaled by humans in the workplace and the surrounding area. ... The 50% cumulative frequency cutoff point was set in the …

The cumulative concentration of Th 4+ in the organic phase was calculated by summing the concentration difference in each contact. ... The concentration of thorium is significantly reduced from 19.90 mg/L to 1.4 μg/L when the mixed Cextrant 230 and Cyanex 923 was adopted as extractants, while it decreased only to 3.8 μg/L by sole …

The cumulative dose to the population within an 80-km radius of the WISS that would result from radioactive materials present at the site would be indistinguishable from the dose that the same population would receive from naturally occurring radioactive sources. ... and thorium concentrations in surface water,more ...

The reference closed thorium-uranium-233 fuel cycle ... the cumulative occupational dose from monazite extraction is 8.0 person-mSv/MT Th (Haridasan et al., ... but that there is a lower mass of uranium in HLW to "dilute" the fission product concentration in terms of mass fractions). At later times, where uranium and plutonium …

A rapid, sensitive, and selective method was developed for the quantitative determination of thorium concentration which is an important natural-mineral based on the complex formed with natural ...