environmental aspects in smelting and refining

This special issue of Metals invites researchers from academia and industry to present original papers addressing primary and secondary smelting and refining, the interface between mining operations and manufacturing industries. We are looking for contributions covering fundamental aspects related to the physical chemistry of …

This process plant environment in the vicinity of the furnace The electrolytic refining process produces quantifying these emissions are available. Emission factor averages …

BASE METAL SMELTING AND REFINING APRIL 30, 2007 2 WORLD BANK GROU P 1.0 Industry-Specific Impacts and Management and transport of The following section provides a summary of EHS issues associated with base metal smelting and refining, which generally occur during the operational phase, along with recommendations for their …

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major air pollutant emitted in the roasting, smelting and converting of sulfide ores (nickel sulfide concentrates contain 6-20% nickel and up to 30% sulfur). Sulfur dioxide releases can be as high as 4 metric tons of sulfur dioxide per metric ton of nickel produced, before controls. Reverberatory furnaces and electric ...

Of the several technologies investigated, Flash Smelting with Peirce-Smith Converting (FSF-PSC) has the lowest environmental impact for all three concentrate …

Significant environment aspects of smelting and refining during the operational phase relate to: . Air Emissions. Wastewater. Hazardous materials. Residues and waste. Noise. Air …

What are environmental effects of mining and smelting? Mining: Exposes the soil and it can be blown away. Smelting: Releases gases into the air.

7. Environmental issues associated with petroleum refining include the following: Emissions to atmosphere; Handling and disposal of process wastewater (storage, transportation, and treatment); Handling of hazardous materials and wastes; and Noise from operating machinery. Emissions to Atmosphere Flue Gases 8.

The scope of this review is to introduce the time-line of modelling and the industrial challenges the developers of a novel copper smelting technology faced, …

Inventory (LCI) provides critical environmental information from mining to smelting and refining and, therefore, serves as an important foundation for full product life cycle studies. As with any material, the potential environmental impacts of copper are best understood in relation to the product or application it is used in.

Environmental Impacts of Lead Ore Mining and Smelting. WebMay 12, 2023 Lead smelters release large quantities of Cd and Pb into the environment as well as smelting and refining produce gaseous (CO2, SO2, NOx, etc.) and particulate matter emissions, sewage waters, and solid wastes; however, these pollutants take a lead to effects human …

3) The raw materials and emission components with the largest environmental impacts are the carbon emissions from coal use and carbon dioxide emissions during smelting, the use of electricity during electrolysis, and the use of heavy oil and lime as raw materials during refining; these five items account for 69.7% of the total …

1. Introduction. Slag examined in this study is defined as the predominantly silicate and oxide by-product derived from smelting metallic ore. The two main types of slag included in this discussion are from the primary production of ferrous ores, from iron and steel manufacturing, and from non-ferrous ores, from the recovery of base metals and …

APRIL 30, 2007 5 Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines BASE METAL SMELTING AND REFINING. WORLD BANK GROUP the exhaust gases and mists using control equipment (e.g. measures to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy scrubbers). consumption, both of which are addressed in the 'Energy · Use stack and …

Various environmental initiatives and legislation provide context for the development of an Environmental Code of Practice for the base metals smelting and refining sector. Under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 ( CEPA 1999), there are provisions for developing regulations, objectives, guidelines, and codes of practice and for ...

The typical process steps in the pyrometallurgical processing are smelting, converting, fire-refining and anode casting followed by tankhouse electrorefining to copper cathode. ... The environmental impact calculation results of the seven selected copper smelting process technologies without the impact of ... Control aspects of the Mitsubishi ...

Environmental impact of metallurgical extraction of solid waste2.4.1. Slags. The impurities (non-extracting elements) of raw ore with other materials form melting slag in the pyrometallurgical smelting process of metal extraction, which can boost the operating conditions of smelting furnaces and affect the consistency of the metal extracted.

Suiphide Pyrometallurgy and Nickel Refining . In Preparation . Environmental Aspects of Nickel Production Part II. Laterite pyrometallurgy and Hydrometallurgy, and Ferronickel Smelting. The lEO was established by UNEP in 1975 to bring industry and government together for environmentally sound industrial development. Its office is located in Paris.

The environmental, health, and safety (EHS) guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of good international industry . …

A number of traditional ergonomic stressors exist within aluminum smelting and refining; however, there are few published studies detailing the nature, extent, and programmatic intervention focused on such risks. ... On the basis of various environmental and technical factors, some of these risks may, in select circumstances, also extend to ...

11 Environment Significant environment aspects of smelting and refining during the operational phase relate to: • Air Emissions • Wastewater • Hazardous materials • Residues and waste • ensure environmental control systems are adequate to Noise optimize smooth, consistent operation Air Emissions Particulate Matter 2Smelting is known ...

Occupational and environmental exposure to heavy metals, silica, and asbestos can occur during mining and milling operations. The smelting process (extracting the metal from the ore) is associated with the highest exposures and environmental releases. The hazards to human health caused by exposure to heavy metals – including lead, cadmium and ...

International Finance Corporations (IFC) recently has issued Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines for the refining and smelting sectors. IFC, a part of World Bank, is responsible for ...

This study delves into the application of oxidative refining for the recovery and concentration of precious metals, namely palladium (Pd) and gold (Au), from waste electrical and electronic equipment by WEEE recycling, leveraging pyrometallurgical techniques. The primary objective is to optimize refining parameters, encompassing …

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS. First draft prepared by Mr P.D. Howe and Dr S. Dobson, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, United Kingdom. ... Emissions from smelting operations, manufacture and …

Description. The interviews with both Curtis Dungey and Chuck O'Donahue discuss their association with the Tacoma Smelter and ASARCO. O'Donahue, who worked at the plant for over twenty years (1963-1985), also was active as a union leader for Local 25. Dungey was the senior environmental scientist for ASARCO who oversaw the closure of the plant.

The environmental impact of each aluminium production stage is described with focus on the refining, primary and secondary industries. • Equipment used within each process step with potential for waste heat recovery is described. • Waste heat can be reused utilising heat recovery technologies to reduce energy consumption among other …

Rare earth elements (REEs) are important raw materials for green technologies. However, REE mining and production uses techniques that are often not environmentally sustainable. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a well-recognized method for evaluating the environmental impacts of products and technologies. This article …

3.6 Carbonyl Refining. 3.7 Leaching. 3.8 Electrowinning. 3.9 Casting. 3.10 Process Off-Gas Conditioning. This section presents an overview of environmental concerns related to the major activities and processes used in the smelting and refining of base metals. Typical preventative and control measures taken in modern systems are indicated.

A Balanced Tin Supply. World tin production has been quite stable in recent years, with refined tin production between roughly 330,000 tpy and 370,000 tpy. This is made up from mine production between 270,000 tpy and 310,000 tpy, and the balance by 50,000 – 70,000 tpy of secondary refined tin production. Tin recycling will continue to play a ...

The examples used to illustrate sustainability considerations include: (1) adoption of flash smelting ; (2) emission reduction and process improvement …

Commonly in the copper sector, mines will produce a mineral concentrate (20–40% copper) that is transported to more centralized smelting and refining facilities, which produce refined copper ...