underground mining methods used in china

Different underground mining methods used to extract thick coal seams in India. Multi-slice working of a thick coal seam is a normal choice [4] ... Longwall route for underground mining of TTTCSSL has a number of advantages and is being extensively used in China. Weak coal mass and high vertical stress on coal seam are the two …

Mai-duo Shan Coal Mine, with 3.0 Mt/a production capacity, is located in southern part of Lingwu coal field 80 km away from Yinchuan city, China. The longwall mining method was used and the whole ...

1. The ore body is too deep to mine profitably by open pit. 2. The grades or quality of the orebody are high enough to cover costs. 3. Underground mining has a lower ground footprint than open pit …

Large scale underground mining of coal resources in China using longwall mining has resulted in ecological and environment problems, including surface subsidence that is considered serious due to competing interests of prime agricultural lands, food security, and regional economic development. The subsided lands must be rehabilitated …

The selection of underground mining methods is primarily based on the geological/spatial setting of the deposit. Candidate methods can therefore be chosen and ranked based on estimated operational/capital costs, production rates, availability of labors and materials/equipments, and environmental considerations.

Yuan et al. [29, 30] conducted the combined drilling method of curtain grouting in underground deep wells, which can significantly reduce the risk of water inrush in deep mining with complex ...

The mine's depth will be determined and a surface waste storage area scoped out. Local environmental considerations must also be taken into effect. Cut-and-fill mining is often considered a versatile method because it carries less risk of surface collapse than some other underground techniques. 2. Surveying Waste Rock.

Because deep underground mining methods are commonly adopted in Chinese coal mines, coupling disasters are frequent in these mines with the coalfield fires becoming increasingly serious. ... Grouting fire prevention and control technology is widely used and effective method in China's coal mines. The traditional grouting material is …

Coal is the primary energy, generating 37% of the global electricity and more than 70% of steel (WCA, 2020).In China, ∼56% of energy and over 70% of electricity are produced by coal (Xie et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2017), with 85% of coal from underground coal mining (UCM) (Li et al., 2021).In 2021, the global coal output was 7.889 billion tons, …

Curtain grouting can be used to reduce the volume of water inrush in a mine and protect regional groundwater resources. However, traditional vertical drilling was not feasible for the Maoping lead zinc deposit in Yunnan, China, which is located in a high mountainous region with steep gorges. A full analysis of the regional tectonic framework, …

Abstract. Coal is not only the main fossil fuel in China but also a pollution source. To evaluate the impact of coal production on the environment, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on the mining process of a typical coal mine in China by using the SimaPro 9.0.0 software. The Ecoinvent v3 database was used to provide the …

Based on those theories, the conventional mining method (being called as 121 mining method) was established, consisting of excavating two tunnels with a pillar left for mining a working panel.

Currently, goaf filling mining method mainly includes longwall backfilling mining method (Krupnik et al., 2013; Huang et al., 2011; Guo et al., 2011) and roadway backfilling mining method ...

Underground Coal Mining Methods Based on Life Cycle Assessment. Front. Earth Sci. 10:879082. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.879082 ... For a long time, coal mining in China has generally

Large scale underground mining of coal resources in China using longwall mining has resulted in ecological and environment problems, including surface …

Generally speaking, the dominant technique for coal extraction in China began to change from blasting mining to mechanized mining from 1960s for an efficient …

Underground Mining Methods Handbook W. A. Hustrulid, Techniques in Underground Mining Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (U.S.),1998 This 800+ page book contains a wealth of information for mining students and industry professionals. It consists of selected material from the out-of-print industry standard, …

Mining with backfill has been used extensively in underground metal mines which is an important way to conduct the green and low-carbon mining operation. Backfill technologies can achieve both …

To evaluate the impact of coal production on the environment, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on the mining process of a typical coal mine in China by using the SimaPro 9.0.0 software. The Ecoinvent v3 database was used to provide the background data, and midpoint results with uncertainty information were calculated using …

Percentage of energy consumption in China. Underground mining accounts for about 95% of all coal production in China. At the same time, 44% of coal is extracted from thick seams. Thus, the development of thick coal seams is of great importance for the Chinese economy. At the same time, when developing coal seams, a number of specific issues ...

3 Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation Cut & Fill stoping Introduction It is one of the more popular methods used for vein deposits and has recently grown in use. It is an expensive but selective mining method, with low ore loss and dilution.[3] (i.e., allows selective mining and avoid mining of waste or low grade ore). Is relatively expensive ...

Underground hard-rock mining accounts for 40 percent of global mining operations but only 12 percent of run-of-mine (ROM) production. 1 Underground mines also tend to be more targeted, more costly, and less productive than open-pit mines. Because the choice of which underground method to deploy is predominantly driven by the …

With the long-term mining of mineral resources, most mining companies which initially adopted OP mining have progressively transformed to underground mining (OP to UG mining), and this transition has resulted in mining environments with extremely unstable rock masses (Fig. 1).In China, mining areas are always initially established …

Room-and-pillar is one of the principal underground coal-mining methods. Figure 5. Room-and-pillar mining of a flat orebody. Room-and-pillar extracts an orebody by horizontal drilling advancing along a multi-faced front, forming empty rooms behind the producing front. Pillars, sections of rock, are left between the rooms to keep the roof from ...

The plan and sectional view of the mining method used at this mine ... (2018) Concurrent mining and reclamation for underground coal mining subsidence impacts in China. Int J Coal Sci Technol 5(1):18–35. ... Kellogg, Idaho. In: Underground mining methods handbook, pp 744–748. Google Scholar TERI (2019) Exploration and …

For example, it is unsuitable to adopt the overground drilling method for methane confined to the low permeability coal seams and poor integrity of their primary structure in most regions of China. Therefore, before mining, underground pre-drainage is used to minimize the methane content and pressure of coal seam, thus decreasing both …

For a long time, coal mining in China has generally adopted the longwall mining technology system of digging the return roadway in advance at both ends of the return workings and leaving sections of coal …

The backfill mining method is one of the earliest methods adopted by non-ferrous and precious metal mines because it can maximize the recovery of underground mineral resources and protect the surface …

When mining underground coal resources, different mining methods have different levels of environmental impacts. To identify the mining method with the least environmental impact, different mining ...

The backfill mining method is a widely used mining method in the major mines of China, which can maximize the recovery of mineral resources and protect the environment.

Especially after entering the 21st century, China has paid more attention to mining safety, environmental protection, and the continuous implementation of resources development, China's backfill mining method has increasingly improved, and the level of filling equipment has gradually reached the most advanced level worldwide, which …

We use this for mining platinum. Large scale mechanised mining methods we use include: long-wall mining, where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice, usually by a large machine. sub-level-caving, …

Once a decision has been made to go underground, the specific mining method selected depends on the size, shape, and orientation of the ore body, the grade of mineralization, the strength of the rock materials, and the depths involved. For example, if the ore is very high grade or carries a high price, then a higher cost method can be used.

Ground control aims to control or slow down surface subsidence by adjusting mining methods to eliminate or reduce the environmental damage caused by mining from the source, including backfilling mining, strip mining and coordinated mining, etc. ... The spatial distribution and expansion of subsided wetlands induced by …

UNDERGROUND Mining Methods Engineering Fundamentals and International Case Studies Edited by William A. Hustrulid and Richard L. Bullock. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME) 8307 Shaffer Parkway Littleton, Colorado, USA 80127 (303) 973-9550 / (800) 763-3132 SME advances the worldwide …

Underground mining methods should be primarily selected in order to utilise underground resources optimally. Ground control of excavations, driving of ventilation system, driving new mining panels and preparing underground production plans are directly linked to underground mining method selection (UMMS), the …

At present, over 70% of China's coal production is centralized in ecologically fragile regions in western China—a consequence of the depletion of shallow coal resources in the middle east (Fig. 1) [1].The structure of underground aquifers is directly damaged by the intensive mining, with the ratio of groundwater damage to coal mining being …