rare earth yttrium

1. Introduction. Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) constitute an important tool for studying biogeochemical cycling and sedimentary processes in the ocean (Elderfield and Greaves, 1982, Paul et al., 2019b).However, the ambiguity of marine REY budgets, in addition to questions regarding the process of REY migration from seawater …

Rare Earth Elements. 39. Yttrium. IT-ri-em. Yttrium (Y) is a silvery metal that has the atomic number 39 in the periodic table. It is a Transition metal and located in Group 3 of …

The effects of rare earth yttrium with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 atomic ratios on the microstructure and properties of FeCoNi1.5CuB high-entropy alloy were investigated. The results show that the lattice distortion of the matrix alloy is increased after yttrium addition. There are three characteristic zones: the bulk trivalent boride phase zone, basement …

The rare earth group comprises 15 Lanthanides in the periodic table with atomic numbers 57–71 and another two elements-Scandium and Yttrium. Because of similar physical and chemical characteristics, the lanthanide elements (especially the heavy REEs with atomic number 64–71) and Yttrium often occur together in nature [64] .

Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) has been considered as an appropriate cathode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its non-toxicity, high voltage platform and high energy density. Whereas, an occurrence of Jahn–Teller distortion in disordered structure of spinel is inevitable due to the presence of Mn3+ ion and the cycling behavior …

Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) have attracted considerable attention over the last decade because of their vital roles in clean energy, consumer product, national defense and security applications, among other uses. Due to the retention of REY during coal burning, coal combustion ash is considered as potential alternative sources for REY

Glass formation and structure-property relations were explored in highly modified borate glasses containing high loads of rare-earth elements, whose crystalline analogues display a trigonal to tetrahedral borate phase transition (BO 3 3− → BØ 2 O 2 3−, where Ø and O − indicate bridging and non-bridging oxygen atoms). The resulting borate …

Yttrium belongs to REEs and more precisely to the heavy rare-earth element group (Jowitt et al., 2018). REEs play a critical role in many sophisticated technologies in the automotive, renewable and defence sectors, and contribute to the increased efficiency and performance of products.

Rare Earths / Rare Earth Elements / REE. Rare earths, each member of the group of chemical elements consisting of three elements of the group 3 (scandium [Sc], yttrium [Y] and lanthanum [La]) and the first extended series of elements below the main body of the periodic table (Cer [Ce ] by Lutetium [Lu]).

The rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of metals including the lanthanide series plus scandium and yttrium (Cornell 1993).They are critical components of many high-technology and clean energy products, such as electromobiles, wind turbines, and intelligent electric devices (USEPA 2012).In China, REEs were also widely used as …

Xenotime deposits (xenotime is a rare earth phosphate mineral which is a rich source of yttrium and heavy rare earths) in Madhya Pradesh, carbonatite-alkaline complex in Ambadongar, Gujarat, polymetallic mineralization in Siwana Ring Complex, Rajasthan (Banerjee et al., 2014) are some of the promising areas for REE exploration and …

Carbonate minerals are ubiquitous in most sediment-hosted mineral deposits. These deposits can contain a variety of carbonate types with complex paragenetic relationships. When normalized to chondritic values (CN), rare-earth elements and yttrium (REE+YCN) can be used to constrain fluid chemistry and fluid-rock interaction processes …

Mixtures of rare-earth chlorides containing yttrium or scandium as the predominant metal 2846.90.2082 Free. Yttrium-bearing materials and compounds containing by weight >19% to <85% Y 2 O 3 2846.90.4000 Free. Other rare-earth compounds, including yttrium and other compounds 2846.90.8000 3.7% ad valorem.

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The extraction behavior of yttrium and lanthanides with CA-12–TBP in kerosene solution is shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4. Fig. 3 shows the effect of log D versus pH on the single rare earths and that on the mixture rare earths using the feed as aqueous is shown in Fig. 4 which is more representative and realistically for industry application. …

Yttrium is a rare-earth element belonging to the transition family of elements and lanthanide metals. It is considered to be one of the rare earth elements having 50 isotopes, with only yttrium-89 being the only stable isotope. The chemical element is denoted by the symbol Y and atomic number 39. Yttrium is a silvery-metallic transition metal ...

Yttrium (Y), mainly using for phosphors, is considered as one of critical rare earth elements (REEs) in several countries. However, its flows and stocks in the whole …

The separation of adjacent rare earth (RE) is one of the most difficult separation tasks, especially the separation and purification of yttrium (Y) from heavy rare earth (HREE). In the traditional Y separation process, the organic phase composed of acidic extractants such as naphthenic acid (HA) and neodecanoic acid (NDA) need to be …

Yttrium is also one of the rare-earth elements. Despite their name, rare-earth elements are rather plentiful around the world. The 17 …

Rare earth element and yttrium (REY) deposits are important strategic resources widely used in high-tech applications, such as solar cells and wind turbines.

Rare earth elements (REEs) (including scandium, yttrium and a group of 15 lanthanides) are often considered to be critical components in the productions of renewable energy hardware, electric vehicles, health care and military …

yttrium (Y), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of Group 3 of the periodic table. Yttrium is a silvery white, moderately soft, ductile metal. It is quite stable in air; rapid oxidation begins above approximately …

It has been recognized that deep-sea sediments containing high concentrations of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY), termed "REY-rich mud", are widely distributed in the Pacific Ocean (Kato et al., 2011, Yasukawa et al., 2016).REY-rich mud has also been reported from the Indian and Atlantic oceans (Menendez et al., 2017, …

The rare earth elements (REEs) or rare earth metals (REMs) are a group of metals found within the same ores and possessing similar chemical properties. Scientists and engineers disagree on exactly which element should be included in a list of the rare earths, but they generally include the fifteen lanthanide elements, plus scandium and …

1. Introduction. The demand for rare earth elements (REE) and yttrium has grown due to their wide applications as metal catalysts, phosphors, light-emitting diodes, permanent magnets, various components for renewable green energy equipment, and batteries (Pecht et al., 2012, Hower et al., 2016).The importance of REE has been …

Yttrium is an element in the periodic table with an atomic number of 39 and an atomic mass of 88.9. It is a silvery-white, rare Earth metal with a bright, lustrous appearance and low density. As a member of the lanthanide group, Yttrium is a transition metal, and is considered to be a moderately hard metal. It has a melting point of 1522°C …

The major supplier, Molycorp, continued to maintain a large stockpile of rare-earth concentrates and compounds. Consumption decreased of refined rare-earth products. The United States remained a major importer and exporter of rare earths in 2005. During the same period, yttrium was not mined or refined in the US. Hence, supply of …

yttrium (Y), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of Group 3 of the periodic table. Yttrium is a silvery white, moderately soft, ductile …

Rare earth element and yttrium (REY) deposits are important strategic resources widely used in high-tech applications, such as solar cells and wind turbines. This paper summarises the temporal-spatial characteristics and genesis of REY deposits in China classified as alkaline carbonatite, ion-adsorption, placer, sedimentary …

Here we employ the rare-earth element alloying strategy for microstructure and mechanical property tuning of a TaMo 0.5 NbZrTi 1.5 Al 0.1 refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA). The alloying of 0.4 at.% ... Effects of rare earth yttrium on microstructure and properties of Ni–16Mo–7Cr–4Fe nickel-based superalloy. Mater. Charact., 95 (2014 ...

Rare earth elements (REEs) represent the group of 17 elements comprising 15 lanthanides, plus yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc) (Table 1). Among the REEs, yttrium was discovered first in 1794 by a Finish chemist, Johan Gadolin who isolated an oxide and called it "yttria," in a mineral collected from a quarry near the village of Ytterby in Sweden.

The most abundant rare earth elements are cerium, yttrium, lanthanum and neodymium [2]. They have average crustal abundances that are similar to commonly used industrial …

Why is yttrium a rare earth element? There are chemical and historical to the inclusion of yttrium in the rare earth elements. Historically, yttrium was among the first elements to be isolated from the REE-bearing minerals of the Ytterby mine in Sweden. What was though as first to be "yttria" was later shown to contain also the rest of the ...

Yttrium is usually found in rare earth mineral ores like monazite and bastnaesite; Yttrium is a silvery white, moderately soft, ductile metal. Yttrium on the Periodic Table. The symbol Y represents yttrium. Yttrium has an atomic number of 39, meaning there are 39 protons in its nucleus, and 39 electrons in its neutral form. Yttrium has many ...

The process involves converting yttrium oxide to yttrium fluoride. By adding calcium in a vacuum induction furnace, it becomes a metal. Yttrium is one of the 17 rare earth elements. Learn more about its discovery, …

Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) are raw materials of increasing importance for modern technologies, and finding new sources has become a pressing need. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is commonly considered an environmental pollution issue. However, REY concentrations in AMD can be several orders of magnitude higher than in naturally …

The first is that rare-earth yttrium tends to interact with titanium and improves the stress concentration around Ti(C, N) by reducing its size and increasing its number. In addition, rare-earth yttrium contributes to reducing the inclination of stress and hydrogen-induced martensitic phase transformation in metastable AISI 321 stainless …