rare earth consequences

How rare earth elements' hidden properties make modern technology possible. These 17 metals fine-tune light and generate powerful magnetic fields. In August, China finished constructing a maglev ...

Rare earth elements facts. Rare earth elements (REE) are a group of 17 elements, including the 15 elements of the lanthanide series on the periodic table of elements together with the transition metals scandium and yttrium. The latter two elements exhibit similar properties to the lanthanides and are found in the same ore bodies.

The chief worry is that the rare earth elements are bound up in mineral deposits with the low-level radioactive element thorium, exposure to which has been linked to an increased risk of developing lung, …

The demand for rare earths refers to the demand for rare earth oxide ore, which was estimated from the forecast demand for the constituent metal oxides using the relative composition of the world ...

323 articles and reports on rare earth supply security were critically reviewed. ... Examining this problem from a systems perspective allows decision makers to better understand the multi-faceted consequences of their decisions and help them weigh different policy options and design to avoid the unintended consequences (Sahin et al., …

A Canadian firm, Rare Earth Resources, has begun a demonstration plant near Upton, WY, to prove a new critical mineral extraction technology. ... and production—which will follow the same processes as the pilot project—would have more significant and dire consequences for the environment, including radioactivity. Julie …

Rare-earth elements occur in nature in combination with phosphate (monazite), carbonate - fluoride (bastnäsite), and oxygen anions. In their oxides, most rare-earth elements only have a valence of 3 and form sesquioxides (cerium forms CeO 2 ). Five different crystal structures are known, depending on the element and the temperature.

China's ion-adsorption rare earth resources, mining consequences and preservation @article{Yang2013ChinasIR, title={China's ion-adsorption rare earth resources, mining consequences and preservation}, author={X. Jin Yang and Aijun Lin and Xiaoliang Li and Yiding Wu and Wenbin Zhou and Zhanheng Chen}, journal={Environmental …

Environmental Challenges Associated with Mining Rare Earth Metals. Rare earth metals (REMs) are commonly found in a variety of accessory minerals, such as …

By Mike Ives • January 28, 2013. In November, the first shipment of raw "rare earth" minerals arrived at an $800 million processing plant on Malaysia's east coast near the home of Tan Bun Teet. The plant, run by Australia's Lynas Corporation, has since begun refining the rare earth metals, essential components in wind turbines, hybrid ...

Zongguo Wen. Nature Sustainability 1, 598–605 ( 2018) Cite this article. 2781 Accesses. 74 Citations. 3 Altmetric. Metrics. Abstract. Rare earths are essential to …

The demand for valuable metals such as rare earth elements and platinum group metals is rising fast in the context of the depletion of natural resources and international conflicts. Moreover, the future circular economy requires that raw material be recycled from waste by advanced methods such as adsorption by innovative porous …

Abstract. Rare earth elements (REEs) are important raw materials for green technologies. However, REE mining and production uses techniques that are often not environmentally sustainable. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a well-recognized method …

May 20, 2021. Rare earth materials are essential to a variety of industries. A new study from Argonne explores the effects of supply disruptions such as mine shutdowns. Rare …

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 chemical elements considered critical for digitalization and for the energy transition. While called "rare", they are not in fact rare in the Earth's crust and can be found in many places. ... Bayan Obo is a global reminder of the enormous hazards, radioactive pollution risks and related health ...

China's Ion-adsorption Rare Earth Resources, Mining Consequences and Preservation. Article. Full-text available. Oct 2013 ... Rare earth metal elements have been used widely in many different ...

The Rare Earths Impacts and Conflict Map. The cases of socio-environmental resistance to REE extraction, processing and recycling documented on …

As a result, surface/mountaintop mining for ion-adsorption rare earth ores has become the dominant driver of land-use change and degradation in southern China, causing permanent loss of ecosystem, severe soil erosion, air pollution, biodiversity loss and human health problems (Tang et al., 2000; Liu, 2002; Chen, 2010b; Anonymous, 2011b).

Heavy rare earth elements are critical for modern technological applications, including renewable energy technologies, but their extraction can have disastrous …

In such a situation, geopolitical instabilities and tensions can have drastic consequences for materials production. The dominance of China in the production of rare-earth elements has been a ...

The first major news stories of the environmental and social devastation caused by rare earth mining in China circulated in Anglophone media in 2009 (Margonelli 2009).Images of massive tailings ponds into which pipes belched mineral and chemical slurries against an industrial skyline in northern China were published alongside photos …

Mining U.S. sources of rare earth elements, President Joe Biden's administration stated in February 2021, is a matter of national security. Rare earths are not actually rare on Earth, but...

Consequences of Tuning Rare-Earth RE 3+ -Site and Exchange–Correlation Energy U on the Optoelectronic, Mechanical, and Thermoelectronic Properties of Cubic Manganite Perovskites REMnO 3 for ...

Rare earth elements (REEs) have emerged as a critical component in manufacturing various products for green technology. This paper aims to comprehensively review the formation of ion adsorption clay, REEs weathering profile, clay minerals' potential in adsorbing REEs, ion-exchange mechanism and method for REEs extraction, and the …

PDF. Tools. Share. Abstract. As increasing demand for green energy and high-tech devices grows, so does the rising prospecting of rare earth metals required for their production. Protecting the environment …

Rare earths' journey from mine to magnet. Here are the steps that get rare earth elements out of the ground and into our hi-tech products. While the United States mines and concentrates rare ...

In this study, we focus on three processes that are most commonly used to produce rare earth metals. Light rare earths (La, Ce, Nd, Pr) make up over 90% of those produced in China, the majority of ...

Mined rare earth materials, which are further processed into rare earth oxides 1 ... Although rare earth prices in 2017 are much lower than their peaks in 2011, rare earth users remain vulnerable to the consequences of potential Chinese policy. Five policy areas are of special interest. First, the Chinese State Reserve Bureau (SRB) began a …

101 Second St., Suite 110. Petaluma, CA 94952. Tel.: (707) 981-8999. Fax: (707) 981-8998. Email: jluther@streetwisereports. There is no single rare earth element market. Instead, the rare ...

Wind turbines need rare earth metals such as neodymium for powerful magnets that generate electricity with the turn of the blades. Pressure would soon increase to redirect all metals recycling ...

Employing electrokinetic mining techniques can increase recovery efficiency while reducing harmful environmental consequences. Heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) such as Gd–Lu, Sc and Y are ...

Rare earth price and geopolitical risk enjoy a mutual relationship. ... As a consequence, China cancelled the export restriction policy in 2015, including the export quota and export tariff, resulting in a plunge in the REP. In 2018, the REP rose slightly due to the ban on importing rare earth minerals from Myanmar to China. ...